Engineering drawing lecture 8 22082011 1 projection of planes indian institute of technology guwahati. A projection plane, or plane of projection, is a type of view in which graphical projections from an object intersect. Chapter 4 orthographic projection and multiview constructions. A picture plane in perspective drawing is a type of projection plane with perspective drawing, the lines of sight, or projection lines, between an object and a picture plane return to a. Types of projections for designing machines and instruments. While drawing this true shape keep one sideedge which is. Autocad planes engineering study drawings 2d perspective youtube arch. The textbook follows the firstangle method of orthographic projection, however, the thirdangle projection method has. The imaginary cutting plane is projected on a standard view so that the sectional view with orthographic representation is obtained as shown in fig. Engineering drawing projections of points lines planes and solids. The definition orthographic projection is a method of producing a number of separate twodimensional interrelated views.
Engineering drawing indian institute of technology. Engineering drawing important questions pdf file ed imp. Nov 01, 2017 if one regards the artesian coordinates as being made of quadrants, then 1st angle and 3rd angle are two different quadrants in which an object is places and different planes on to which the drawing is projected. Projections of planes parallel to one of the reference. An auxiliary view is an orthographic view that is projected into any plane other. Multiview drawing that each view show an object in two dimensions. Engineering drawing lecture 6 16082011 projection of points and 1 projection of lines indian institute of technology guwahati. Graphical projection has an important role in machine drawing and design. Graphic language in engineering application use l ines to represent the surfaces, edges and contours of objects. Line positions line lying on two principal planes of projection will appear normal true length tl in. If one regards the artesian coordinates as being made of quadrants, then 1st angle and 3rd angle are two different quadrants in which an object is places and different planes on to which the drawing is projected. Projection of points there are basically nine type of projections of point is space.
Engineering drawing i ioe first year syllabus marking. Plane of projection lies between the observer and the object. In this method, two principal planes are kept perpendicular to. Various types of projection can be used to understand a 3d structure. An engineering drawing, a type of technical drawing, is used to fully and clearly. Visit my youtube channelin the search bar write manas patnaikand there you will find tons of stuff covering almost every aspect in engineering drawing. Study of projection of planes in engineering drawing youtube. Isometric projection of solids like prism, pyramid, cylinder and cone. Projection planes are used often in descriptive geometry and graphical representation. When you look at a machine, you see that the machine has planes based on parallel lines. To develop basic projection concepts with reference to points, lines, planes and geometrical solids. The principal projection planes and quadrants used to create drawings are shown in figure 16. Draw the projection of plate and determine the angle it make with hp. In 1st angle, the object is between the observer and the plane of projection.
Fundamentals of drafting first angle orthographic projection. The planes are imagined to be made of transparent material, say a glass box. In engineering drawing what is the physical meaning of distance between projectors in projection of line. Shortest distance shows true length tl when original line is a point view. It has been one of the most comprehensive revisions since the book was first published. An orthographic projection is a system of drawings that represent different sides of an object.
A line lying on two principal planes will appear normal in two views shortest distance. Summarizing methods of drawing orthographic projections. Though for the projection of a single point, this may not be a problem, the multiview drawing of solids, where a number of lines are to be drawn, will be very complicated. Jul, 2018 engineering drawing i me 401 first year first part year. Engineering graphics projection of points and lines 1. For drawing orthographic projection, different planes are placed in a particular order. Here you can download engineering drawing book by n. To apply the principle of first angle orthographic projection to engineering drawing problems. The projection of point p on to the three projection planes. It is 2d, whereas pictorial views are 3d and dont give full details. An orthographic projection enables us to represent a 3d object in 2d see figure 11. Nov 03, 2014 engineering graphics projection of points, projection of lines slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. This is an introductory tutorial for projection of planes and here you will get an understanding as to how you can approach problems based on this topic. Engineering drawing important questions pdf file ed imp qusts please find the attached pdf file of engineering drawing questions pdf ed imp qusts link ed question bank uniti construct an ellipse.
Oct 21, 2008 in projections of planes inclined to both the reference planes draw the view that give you the true shape first then project the other view from it tilt the view, with respect to the angle of inclination given for surface first. Elevation, plan, side views, section views auxiliary views etc. Principles of isometric projection isometric scale isometric. Isometric projection concept and objective problems engineering drawing ese. Both drawing types are used in technical drawing for communication. The actual object that the drawing or projection represents. The parallel projectors in all the six directions form. An isometric view of a rectangular block is shown in fig.
Engineering drawing notes for civil engineering students. Draw the projection of line and determine its true length, true inclination with vp. Projection of a point in space a point is behind the frontal plane by d units and below the horizontal plane by h units. Two projection lines indicate where the dimension starts and finishes. The plane of projection is assumed to be nontransparent.
The tv of a line ab measures 60 mm and is inclined at 56. A dimensioned drawing should provide all the information necessary for a finished product or part to be manufactured. The end point a is 10mm above the hp and 20mm in front of the vp, while the other end b is 45mm above the hp and in front of the vp. Hence second angle projection technic is not followed anywhere for engineering drawing. A 3d projection or graphical projection maps points in threedimensions onto a twodimensional plane. Engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest edition.
If a client of yours is having difficulty visualizing a design, what type of drawing would be the easiest to understand. Engineering drawing lecture 8 22082011 1 projection of planes indian institute of technology guwahati guwahati 781039. Bhuiyan shameem mahmood a drawing can be done using freehand, instruments or computer methods. Instead of using one of the planes of projection, you can use reference plane parallel to the plane of projection and touching or cutting through the object. In the figure below, two perpendicular planes are established to form the image planes for a multiview orthographic projection. Orthographic projections indian institute of technology. In 3rd angle, the plane is between the observer and the. The plate is seen as a rhombus in a plane with other diagonal measure 30 mm. Dimensions are always drawn using continuous thin lines. Drawing sheet layout, freehand lettering, sketching of parallel lines, circles, dimensioning 2.
Engineering drawing pdf notes ed pdf notes smartzworld. Projection of plane figures procedure oblique plane problem 1 a square of 50mm side. A sectional view must show which portions of the object are solid. Orthographic projection is commonly used because it gives 100% details of an object by drawing different views e. The text book follows the firstangle method of orthographic projection. Bhatt in this new edition some errors are rectified. When the distance of the focus from the directrix is equal to 60 mm and eccentricity 23. Observations 1 it appears that the rectangle is rotated keeping the point a. In this engineering drawing 1st year notes contents. The corners of the block are used to position a line df in space. This system of projection is known as the american system. Projection of planes computer aided engineering drawing. Engineering drawing i me 401 first year first part year. Three orthographic views in firstangle projection are given in fig.
The angles formed between the horizontal and the vertical planes are called the first, second, third, and fourth angles, as indicated in the figure. A projection is a drawing or representation of an entity on an imaginary plane or planes. Lines on an engineering drawing signify more than just the geometry of the object and it is important. Projections of planes in this topic various plane figures are the objects. The object can be considered to be in any of the four quadrant. The definition orthographic projection is a method of producing a number. As graphics are usually displayed on twodimensional media such as paper and computer monitors, these projections are widely used, especially in engineering drawing, drafting, and computer graphics projections may be calculated mathematically or by various geometrical or optical techniques. Orthographic projection technique can produce either 1.
Orthographic projection of points, lines, planes and solids. Shortest distance from a point to a line is a perpendicular from the point to a line. The front wall of the box is assumed to be hinged to the other walls as shown in the figure. First angle and third angle projection engineering insider. Projections on auxiliary planes chapter on computer aided drafting cadr is entirely rewritten with inclusion of 50 12. Universally either the 1 st angle projection or the third angle projection methods is followed for obtaining engineering drawings. Download engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest edition for b. The book provides all aspects and detailed study of engineering drawing plane and solid geometry, a core subject for all branches of engineering study, presented in a lucid manner and easytofollow style. Yes pictorial projection can be understood by a layman easily, but orthographic projection can be understood by an engineer or concerned. P initially, we will consider the first five orientations given above, in the first angle. True lengths and auxiliary views engineering drawing. Tech 1styear subject engineering graphics or engineering. Engineering drawing app covers almost important topics which are indexed chapter wise. Axonometric drawing that show all three dimensions of an object in one view.
Shoaf space task group engineering division of the proposed lunar lander to be used with an advanced version of the mercury spacecraft. As graphics are usually displayed on twodimensional media such as paper and computer monitors, these projections are widely used, especially in engineering drawing, drafting, and computer graphics. In this figure a reference plane is aligned with the front surface of the object. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. For engineering drawings, both first angle projection and third angle projection are commonly used. About the book engineering drawing plane and solid geometry. Engineering drawing course and in minimizing discrepancies prevailing among the. While drawing this true shape keep one sideedge which is making inclination perpendicular to xy line similar to pair no. The earlier edition of this textbook is thoroughly revised, extensively enlarged, completely updated. Engineering graphics projection of points and lines. Multiview orthographic projection in creating multiview orthographic projection, different systems of projection can be used to create the necessary views to fully describe the 3d object. Conversion of pictorial view into orthographic views.
Here we discuss the important types of projections, including their advantages and disadvantages. A pentagonal plane lamina of edge 25 mm is resting on hp. Engineering drawing text book by nd bhatt pdf latest. This projection planes serves the same purpose in technical drawing as is served by the movie screen.
These drawings are formed by projecting the edges of the object perpendicular to the desired planes of projection. To recognise the symbol for first angle orthographic projection. In projections of planes inclined to both the reference planes draw the view that give you the true shape first then project the other view from it tilt the view, with respect to the angle of inclination given for surface first. Planes observing perpendicular to respective reference plane.